Mental Health Of Young People Research Articles

Pragmatic controlled trial of a school-based emotion literacy program for 8- to 10-year-old children: study protocol

BackgroundMental disorders are common in childhood, but many young people do not receive adequate professional support. Help-seeking interventions may bridge this treatment gap, however, there is limited research on interventions for primary-school children. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an emotion literacy program at increasing literacy, reducing stigma, and promoting help-seeking in children aged 8–10 years.Methods and analysisA two-arm pragmatic cluster-controlled trial will compare Thriving Minds, an emotion literacy program for middle primary school children, to a wait-list control condition. Children aged 8–10 years will be recruited from approximately 12 schools (6 intervention schools/6 wait-list control) to participate in Thriving Minds via direct invitation by the program delivery service. Allocation to the intervention condition will be pragmatically, by school. Children will receive the intervention over two 50-minute sessions, across two weeks. Using story books and interactive discussion, the program aims to develop children’s knowledge of their own and other’s emotional experiences and emotion regulation strategies (self-care and help-seeking). The primary outcome is help-seeking intentions. Secondary outcomes include help-seeking knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, emotion knowledge and attitudes, and stigma. Children will complete surveys at pre-intervention, post-intervention (one week after the program) and 12-week follow-up. Additional satisfaction data will be collected from teachers in intervention schools via surveys (post-intervention and 3-month follow-up) and semi-structured interviews (after follow-up), and selected children via focus groups (12-week follow-up). Analyses will compare changes in help-seeking intentions relative to the waitlist control condition using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses to account for clustering within schools.DiscussionWith demonstrated effectiveness, this universal emotion literacy program for promoting help-seeking for mental health could be more widely delivered in Australian primary schools, providing a valuable new resource, contributing to the mental health of young people by improving help-seeking for early mental health difficulties.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12623000910606 Registered on 24 August 2023.

OPENING SPEECH THE 1ST CONFERENCE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES “Mental Health in Young People in the Modernization Era”

CV. Doki Course and Training sebagai lembaga resmi yang fokus pada pengembangan ilmu di bidang pendidikan dan penelitian merasa perlu menyelenggarakan konferensi ini. CV. Doki Course & Training juga mengadakan Call Paper, mengundang para penulis untuk berkontribusi nyata dalam bentuk pemikiran untuk dituangkan dalam tulisan dalam kaitannya dengan mental health. Setidaknya ada 3 subtema yang ditetapkan oleh tim, yaitu Social Behaviour of Young People in the Modernization Era (Perilaku Sosial Anak Muda di Era Modernisasi), Youth, Social Media, and Internet in the Modernization Era (Pemuda, Media Sosial, dan Internet di Era Modernisasi), Deviations in Young People in the Modernization Era (Penyimpangan Anak Muda di Era Modernisasi). Dan Alhamdulillah, melalui proses seleksi, nantinya akan ada 12 artikel yang akan dipublikasikan dalam bentuk Prosiding ISSN dan E-ISSN, yang dapat dibaca oleh semua orang.

Examining the mental health impacts of climate change on young people in Canada: a national cross-sectional survey

BackgroundClimate change poses a substantial threat to the mental wellbeing of young people. Population-level research is urgently needed to help inform policies and interventions to ensure that young people are not burdened by long-term mental health impacts from climate change. We sought to identify the prevalence, distribution, and factors associated with climate change-related mental and emotional health outcomes among young people (aged 13–34 years) in Canada. MethodsThis study is part of a larger cross-sectional survey, which examined mental and emotional health responses to climate change among individuals aged 13 years or older from across Canada. We used a multi-stage, multi-stratified random probability sampling procedure. Participants were randomly recruited through either an addressed letter or a telephone call. Online and telephone questionnaires were used to interview individuals in English, French, or Inuktitut between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. Data were weighted by age and province using population estimates from Statistics Canada and analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, and multivariable regression analyses. FindingsThe full survey included 2476 participants, with a subgroup of 409 young people. Of the 401 respondents who provided their gender identity, 215 (54%) identified as cisgender women, 167 (42%) identified as cisgender men, and 19 (5%) identified as non-binary. Preliminary results suggest that young people in Canada experience a wide range of climate-related emotional and mental health outcomes. More than 70% of respondents in the young people subgroup reported having at least mild levels of sadness, anger, worry, anxiety, concern, helplessness, hopelessness, or powerlessness related to climate change. The severity of climate-related emotional responses differed by gender, with non-binary respondents and cisgender women reporting higher average levels of distress than cisgender men. Regional differences were also observed, with northern regions and urban locations reporting more severe reactions. InterpretationThis study builds on the understanding of the burden of climate change on the mental health of young people. If unaddressed, the impact of this burden could have long-standing and wide-reaching public health and related socioeconomic effects. FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research, ArcticNet, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Fellowship, Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship, and Alberta Innovates Graduate Student Scholarship.

Gaining consensus on emotional wellbeing themes and preferences for digital intervention type and content to support the mental health of young people with long-term health conditions: A Delphi study.

Young people (YP) with long-term conditions (LTCs) are at greater risk of psychological distress than those without LTCs. Despite this, there is a scarcity of quality digital interventions designed to help improve mental wellbeing in this population. The aim of this study was to determine what YP, parents and health professionals preferred for future interventions. Twenty-six YP with asthma, diabetes and/or epilepsy (the three most common LTCs in YP), 23 parents of YP with LTCs and 10 health professionals mainly in paediatric specialisms (total n = 59) took part in an online Delphi study to gain consensus (set at 75% agreement) on four questions across three rounds. Participants ordered psychological themes that may be experienced by YP with LTCs by importance and ranked digital intervention types and delivery modes by importance or usefulness. The most common results were reported if no consensus was reached by round 3. Participants preferred a mobile phone app (73% agreement) and a mixture of one-on-one and group support for an intervention (75% agreement). The two highest ranked psychological themes were anxiety (44%) and wanting to appear 'normal' (38%), and the top intervention type was 'general counselling' (54% agreement). There was a clear desire for an app to help with the psychological aspects of living with LTCs and for a combination of one-to-one and group intervention elements. Anxiety and wanting to appear 'normal' might be two closely linked psychological challenges that could be addressed by a single intervention. The results will be important to consider for a future intervention, although further consultation will be needed for app development. Two YP with a LTC provided feedback on the study protocol including the aims and procedures of the project. Another six YP with LTCs were consulted on an early draft of the study questionnaire (the four questions), which was subsequently revised. Once the project began, a patient and public involvement group consisting of two YP with LTCs and one parent of a YP with an LTC gave feedback on the research process, lay report of the results and dissemination plan.

Young people's mental health: facing revolution aggravated by new technologies

Young people are suffering from depression, anxiety, fatalism and may develop suicidal tendencies. The objective is to follow the paths defined by Dairymple, Lukianoff and Haidt regarding the reality of young people. The causes are not fully understood, however, the solution is to help children develop healthy trajectories to minimize mental disorders or suicidal thoughts and behaviors. We also know that schools are a source of tension and that they need to become healthier environments. We know that we are in the middle of a technological revolution, which, through Automation, affects employment and family income. And finally, the most important thing is the interest and commitment to improving communication and family support, family and community ties, as well as children's ties to school, so that they feel safe and connected.

Fitness-yoga – as an effective means of improving the physical and mental health of children and youth

Fitness-yoga is a popular form of health-improving physical activity. It has become a huge trend all over the world, as it provides all participants with a lifestyle training technique combined with physical activity. Yoga practice includes physical postures, breathing techniques, relaxation, and meditation. Fitness-yoga is a safe, simple, and cost-effective way to practice for health. It has been proven to bring numerous benefits to physical and mental health. Fitness-yoga classes reduce stress and promote a healthy lifestyle while strengthening the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, improving well-being, improving weight control and body composition, and contributing to overall disease relief. In addition, it has been found to promote healthier eating and increased physical activity. Fitness-yoga can be used as a means not only to increase the amount of healthy physical activity, but also to achieve social, emotional, and personal balance of the younger generation. The use of fitness-yoga in educational institutions improves mental health and cognition, can improve self-perception, subjective sense of well-being, academic performance, and attention.
 Fitness-yoga as a direction of mental fitness can be a cost-effective and inclusive tool used in educational institutions to solve both physical and mental health problems among children and youth. The practice of fitness-yoga develops in students and schoolchildren a series of strategies and techniques that will help to improve both academically and socially. There is a growing need to integrate fitness-yoga into educational institutions so that students can practice it throughout their studies. Fitness-yoga yoga is an effective long-term means of improving health.
 The methodological basis of the research is a complex of approaches (task, activity, result), principles (scientific, connection between theory and practice, activity), methods (general scientific research methods, in particular analysis and synthesis, are applied). This contributes the purpose of the article - analyzing the effects of fitness-yoga on physical and mental health. Consideration of the effectiveness of the use of fitness-yoga to improve the physical and mental health of young people determined the novelty of this work. It was concluded that fitness-yoga can have a positive effect on mental and physical health. The inclusion of fitness yoga in the educational system would have an important positive impact on the future of young people.

Unravelling the Longitudinal Relations Between Developmental Milestones, General Psychopathology, and Personality Functioning in a Youth Clinical Sample.

Personality functioning, general psychopathology, and developmental milestones achievement are critical domains in the field of young people's mental health; however, no prior research has considered these variables jointly or examined the temporal dynamics between them. To fill these gaps, the present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between the above constructs in a clinical sample of Dutch youth. 525 outpatients (72.5% women; age range: 12-26 years, M = 18.8 ± 2.83) diagnosed with different psychological difficulties were recruited from specialized mental health care services in The Netherlands. They completed self-report measures assessing personality functioning, psychopathological symptoms, and the achievement of youth-specific developmental milestones. Data were collected on three occasions within a year and modelled using a Cross-Lagged Panel Model approach. The levels of personality dysfunction, general psychopathology, and developmental milestones achievement were found to fluctuate from one wave to the other. Personality dysfunction and general psychopathology were positively interrelated at each time point, while both constructs were negatively associated with developmental milestones achievement. Importantly, difficulties achieving developmental milestones predicted a worsening in personality functioning 6 months later. This result would suggest that the achievement of developmental milestones precedes personality functioning, supporting the importance of interventions promoting age-adequate functioning in youth.

Mental Health–Related Outpatient Visits Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 2006-2019

Concerns over the mental health of young people have been increasing over the past decade, especially with the rise in mental health burden seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining trends in mental health-related outpatient visits provides critical information to elucidate contributing factors, identify vulnerable populations, and inform strategies to address the mental health crisis. To examine characteristics and trends in mental health-related outpatient visits and psychotropic medication use among US adolescents and young adults. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual probability sample survey, was conducted from January 2006 to December 2019. Participants included adolescents (age 12-17 years) and young adults (age 18-24 years) with office-based outpatient visits in the US. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2023, to September 15, 2023. Mental health-related outpatient visits were identified based on established sets of diagnostic codes for psychiatric disorders. Temporal trends in the annual proportion of mental health-related outpatient visits were assessed, including visits associated with use of psychotropic medications. Analyses were stratified by age and sex. From 2006 to 2019, there were an estimated 1.1 billion outpatient visits by adolescents and young adults, of which 145.0 million (13.1%) were associated with a mental health condition (mean [SD] age, 18.4 [3.5] years; 74.0 million females [51.0%]). Mental health-related diagnoses were more prevalent among visits by male (16.8%) compared with female (10.9%) patients (P < .001). This difference was most pronounced among young adults, with 20.1% of visits associated with a psychiatric diagnosis among males vs 10.1% among females (P < .001). The proportion of mental health-related visits nearly doubled, from 8.9% in 2006 to 16.9% in 2019 (P < .001). Among all outpatient visits, 17.2% were associated with the prescription of at least 1 psychotropic medication, with significant increases from 12.8% to 22.4% by 2019 (P < .001). In this cross-sectional study, there were substantial increases in mental health-related outpatient visits and use of psychotropic medications, with greater overall burden among male patients. These findings provide a baseline for understanding post-pandemic shifts and suggest that current treatment and prevention strategies will need to address preexisting psychiatric needs in addition to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Prosperous Short Video Environment: Hidden Threats to Young People's Mental Health

Abundant online media fill people's lives, especially the prosperity of short videos, which provide a convenient way of entertainment for young people's busy lives. However, many studies have found that while it brings people fun, it also brings many psychological problems. This study aims to address the psychological problems that occur in young people and propose ways to reduce the impact of the problems. By reading existing literature, combined with network data and the current network environment, this article finds out the psychological problems that young people will have after using short video platforms, such as blurring the boundaries between reality and virtual behavior, one-sided videos increasing psychological anxiety. After analyzing the problems, this paper found that the main causes of these problems came from social pressure and the platform's regulatory capabilities. Hence, young people can reshape their understanding of the short video virtual environment and improve their ability to resist the psychological problems caused by exploring new interests.

Advancing Understanding on Greenspace and Mental Health in Young People.

Mental distress among young people has increased in recent years. Research suggests that greenspace may benefit mental health. The objective of this exploratory study is to further understanding of place-based differences (i.e., urbanity) in the greenspace-mental health association. We leverage publicly available greenspace data sets to operationalize greenspace quantity, quality, and accessibility metrics at the community-level. Emergency department visits for young people (ages 24 and under) were coded for: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, and substance use disorders. Generalized linear models investigated the association between greenspace metrics and community-level mental health burden; results are reported as prevalence rate ratios (PRR). Urban and suburban communities with the lowest quantities of greenspace had the highest prevalence of poor mental health outcomes, particularly for mood disorders in urban areas (PRR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.16-1.21), and substance use disorders in suburban areas (PRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.28-1.43). In urban, micropolitan, and rural/isolated areas further distance to greenspace was associated with a higher prevalence of poor mental health outcomes; this association was most pronounced for substance use disorders (PRRUrban: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.29-1.32; PRRMicropolitan: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.43-1.51; PRRRural 2.38: 95% CI: 2.19-2.58). In small towns and rural/isolated communities, poor mental health outcomes were more prevalent in communities with the worst greenspace quality; this association was most pronounced for mental and behavioral disorders in small towns (PRR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.24-1.35), and for anxiety disorders in rural/isolated communities (PRR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.43-1.82). The association between greenspace metrics and mental health outcomes among young people is place-based with variations across the rural-urban continuum.

"What Works" to Support LGBTQ+ Young People's Mental Health: An Intersectional Youth Rights Approach.

Despite overwhelming international evidence of elevated rates of poor mental health in LGBTQ+ youth compared to their cis-heterosexual peers, we know relatively little about effective mental health services for this population group. This study aims to produce the first early intervention model of "what works" to support LGBTQ+ youth with emerging mental health problems. Utilizing a mixed method case study, we collected data across 12 UK mental health service case study sites that involved: (a) interviews with young people, parents, and mental health practitioners (n = 93); (b) documentary analysis; (c) nonparticipant observation. The data analysis strategy was theoretical using the "explanation-building" analytical technique. Our analysis suggests an intersectional youth rights approach with 13 principles that must be enacted to provide good mental health services as advocated by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and World Health Organization. This approach should address the multiple forms of marginalization and stigmatization that LGBTQ+ youth may experience, enable informed independent decision-making, and uphold the right to freedom of safe self-expression. A rights-based approach to mental health services for LGBTQ+ young people is not prominent. This needs to change if we are to tackle this mental health inequality and improve the mental well-being of LGBTQ+ youth worldwide.

The Psychological Impact of Social Media on Gen Z

In the era of rapid development of science and technology, the popularity of social media and online communities has shaped the experiences and perspectives of Generation Z (Gen Z) - those born between the mid-90s and early 2010s. In recent years, more and more individuals and media have begun to pay attention to the impact of social media on people. This paper, which takes Generation Z as the research object article, will focus on the psychological impact of social media on Gen Z.  Generation Z, unlike any previous generation, has a unique growing environment --- a digital environment. Starting from this perspective, the paper will analyze why human beings are faced with unprecedentedly complex psychological problems according to existing literature, with the purpose of in-depth research on the psychological impact of social media and online communities on Generation Z. this paper concludes that social media will greatly affect people’s psychological state, which has good and bad effects on current people. While social media platforms offer avenues for connection and self-expression, they also present various new challenges. Promoting the mental health of young people in a digital environment is crucial by balancing the positive aspects of social media with being aware of its potential negative effects.

Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with web-based mental health interventions in young people: a systematic review.

Many young people (YP) are diagnosed with mental illnesses and require support. Web-based mental health interventions (W-MHIs) have been increasingly utilized by YP, healthcare providers, and parents due to reasons including convenience and anonymity. W-MHIs are effective in improving mental health in YP. However, real-world engagement with W-MHIs remains low. Therefore, understanding barriers/facilitators of user engagement with W-MHIs is necessary to promote W-MHIs and help users gain optimal benefits through higher engagement. This review aims to identify barriers/facilitators of user engagement with W-MHIs in YP aged 10-24years. A systematic search of five databases for English language, peer-reviewed publications was conducted between January 2010 and February 2023. Studies examining factors influencing user engagement with W-MHIs, described as barriers or facilitators, were included. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was performed. Of 4088 articles identified, 69 studies were included. Barriers/facilitators were reported by young people (63 studies), providers (17 studies), and parents/caregivers (8 studies). YP perceived that usefulness and connectedness were the most common facilitators, whereas low-perceived need was the most reported barrier. Both providers and parents reported that perceived usefulness for YP was the most common facilitator, whereas concerns about program effectiveness and privacy were noted as barriers. This review found that program- and individual-related factors were important determinants of engagement with W-MHIs. This review provides guidance on the future design and development of new interventions, narrowing the gap between existing W-MHIs and unmet needs of users.

School students' burdens and resources after 2 years of COVID-19 in Austria: a qualitative study using content analysis.

The mental health of young people has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures associated with it. Mental health symptoms increased across various domains during the pandemic and subjective wellbeing decreased. This study examined the burdens and resources of Austrian school students (M = 16.63 years old) in the third year of the pandemic and compared them descriptively with the burdens and resources identified in a comparative study in 2021. A cross-sectional online survey with open-ended questions from April to May 2022 provided data that was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. A sub-sample of N = 214 was selected from the larger sample. This sub-sample is representative for the Austrian population aged 15-19 in terms of gender and migrant background. Analysis of the open-ended questions showed that concerns about the pandemic and the burdens of the measures were no longer on young people's minds at the time of the survey in 2022. On the other hand, stress at school was increasing and the opening of schools and the resumption of face-to-face teaching were challenging for respondents. While resuming social contacts and leisure activities was mentioned as a resource by many respondents, some also expressed a desire for more time off and a retreat into coping strategies such as sleeping more or avoiding problems. Our findings suggest that there is a need for low-threshold support from teachers and parents to help students catch up on missed lessons and to empathize with the mas they make the transition back to "old normal".

A study of the interactive mediating effect of ADHD and NSSI caused by co-disease mechanisms in males and females.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), of which the predisposing factors are complex and diverse, profoundly affects the physical and mental health of young people. Therefore, this work established an NSSI intermediary network model considering the interaction of multiple factors. A mediating effect between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and NSSI, considering the influence of comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, and impulsive personality, was proposed based on sex differences. A total of 2,689 middle school students in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China, were randomly sampled and participated in this study. Data regarding their demographic characteristics, attention deficit, hyperactivity/impulsivity, NSSI, anxiety, depression, internet addiction, and other comorbid symptoms were collected and analyzed. After initially screening the data, variables were assessed for significance using a single-factor inter-group difference analytic method, and a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The intermediary effect of factors influencing NSSI in males and females was also analyzed. The overall NSSI rate was 15.16%. The results showed that the impact of individual impulsivity characteristics (impulsiveness, the ADHD with hyperactivity/impulsivity subtype) on NSSI behavior was not significant (regression results, P>0.05). The degree of association between ADHD with attention deficit and ADHD with comprehension deficit subtypes, and other comorbid symptoms (depression, anxiety, and internet addiction disorder) and NSSI, with odds ratios (ORs) of 7.6/6.42/436.68/3.82/1.86, and 95% bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) of 4.64, 12.87/3.46, 12.67/137.42, 2659.13/2.32, 6.37/1.31, 2.82, respectively. The results also showed significant effects of ADHD subtypes on comorbid symptoms and the path effects of NSSI (P<0.01). Among them, the mediating effect was the strongest when anxiety was the mediating variable, and the mediating effect of girls was higher than that of boys. The results of this work demonstrated the influence of ADHD symptoms on NSSI behavior. Among patients with ADHD, patients with subtypes with obvious attention deficit characteristics were more likely to exhibit NSSI behavior, whereas the hyperactive impulse subtype had no direct impact on NSSI. We conclude that adolescent impulsivity may not be directly related to NSSI behavior and that impulsive characteristics jointly affect NSSI behavior through a series of NSSI comorbid symptoms. Notably, the probability of symptom onset and the degree of comorbidity was significantly higher in girls than in boys of the same age, and girls were more prone to NSSI behavior. These findings provide effective theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of adolescent NSSI behavior.

Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese Version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale of 10 Elements for Young University Students

Background: Resilience is an important aspect of mental health in young people, which has become more relevant after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore of paramount importance to have valid and reliable instruments that measure the globality of this aspect. One of the instruments that has been shown to have good psychometric properties and which has been widely adapted in several languages is the Connor–Davidson resilience scale, composed of 10 elements (10-item CD-RISC). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the 10-item CD-RISC among young university students. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study of psychometric validation was conducted with a sample of 206 university students. Results: Good and adequate fit indices were obtained for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA): Standardized Root-Mean-Square Residual [SRMR] = 0. 056; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.958; and the Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = 0.946. It also showed an average degree of convergent validity with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the General Health Scale (SF-36), and its internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.842) with a range of factor loadings between 0.42 and 0.77. Conclusions: the results show that the 10-item CD-RISC is a valid, reliable scale to measure resilience among young Portuguese university students.

Co-design of 'Ways of Being', a web-based experience to optimise online arts and culture for mental health in young people.

We aimed to co-design an intervention optimising the benefits of online arts and culture for mental health in young people for subsequent testing in a trial. Co-design followed the double diamond phases of design, discover, define, develop and deliver. Navigating the views of all co-designers to produce a testable resource demanded in-depth understanding, and frequent iterations in multiple modalities of the theoretical basis of the intervention, amplification of youth voice and commitment to a common goal. Co-design with a broad range of collaborators with a shared vision was valued by young co-designers and produced an effective intervention. Co-design allowed the theoretical basis to be followed and refined to create an engaging, practical and testable web experience, aiming to optimise the mental health benefits of online arts and culture for young people in a randomised controlled trial.

The Methods of Function and Space Design in Young People's Mental Health Center under the Concept of Autonomy

Based on developmental psychology, young patients (12-25 years old) should be encouraged to exercise self-determination and self-exploration through spatial design for the enhancement of intrinsic motivation, to realize self-awareness, and rebuild social relationships during long-term self-regulation, and to increase participation and effectiveness in psychotherapy. Considering the unique developmental stages of young people, the feasibility of person-centered care and peer support services in the therapeutic model is analyzed, proposing that spontaneous partnerships and respect for patients' unconscious behaviors are essential for achieving autonomy. Emphasizing that patients should be guided naturally rather than coercively through spatial design; the ambiguity of the space requires reasonable control; the functional area should have differential settings by the type of place that requires different sensory stimulation levels; the transition from private space to semi-private space to public space should also be well-organized through visual connection, waiting areas, and the chance to withdraw from the therapies.

Integrating mental health into climate change education to inspire climate action while safeguarding mental health.

Climate change is the greatest threat humanity faces, and puts at risk the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people. Climate change education must equip children and young people with the knowledge, skills and resilience to live in an uncertain future, sustainably take relevant climate action and work in climate careers. As attention on climate change education grows, this is a critical moment for the mental health community to ensure mental health and wellbeing considerations are embedded. Critically, appropriate integration of mental health can enable these very necessary goals of equipping children and young people to live and work in a future where climate change looms large. This paper explores why promoting good mental health and wellbeing and building psychological resilience can help achieve climate change education outcomes, and why not doing so risks harming children and young people's mental health. It also explores how integrating discussions about emotions, mental health, and coping strategies within climate change education can be a route into wider discussions about mental health, to support children and young people in the context of rising mental health needs. Learning from an existing approach to promoting good mental health and wellbeing in schools (the 'whole school approach') provides the opportunity to explore one avenue through which such an integrated approach could be implemented in practice. Identifying appropriate mechanisms to integrate mental health into climate change education will require co-design and research with educators and young people, and addressing systemic barriers facing the schools sector.

Contribution of Psychological Support to Risky Behavior Management of Selected High-Learning Institution Students: A Case of Kepler College, Rwanda

The students at universities have many things that affect their mental health, including peer pressure, heavy workload, substance abuse, and relationship management. It is a great job to evaluate the contribution of psychological support that mainly helps these students attain a good level of emotional and social interaction and spiritual and mental stability with their families and the community at large as a tool for risky behavior management. The purpose of the study is to assess how psychological support affects managing risky behavior and mental health in university students. The study emphasizes the need to address elements that have an impact on students' mental health, including peer pressure, a demanding workload, drug misuse, and relationship management. Students are given psychological assistance in controlling risky behavior through the application of the theoretical frameworks of Choice Theory, Behavior Theory, and Cognitive Behavior Theory. The study technique includes a census of 100 people: 97 students from cohort 2019B, a career and alumni affairs coordinator, a school counsellor, and an academic advisor. To classify results, data analysis uses coding and tabulation. The study findings dispel the misconception that college students are mature people who do not need help and show that all of them need psychological treatment. According to the report, institutions should provide young people's mental health care a high priority while they are still developing into adolescents. With a correlation value of 0.285, the study found that obtaining mental help and preserving mental stability had notable beneficial associations. Additionally, there was a positive association between seeking out counselling services and using mental assistance to manage activities, with correlation values of 0.500 (p 0.01) and 0.001 (p 0.001, respectively). With a correlation value of 0.625 (p 0.001), a strong positive relationship, social interactions and emotional support were shown to be related.